Choline is considered an essential nutrient and must be obtained from the diet.* Although thresholds have been established for adequate intake of choline, studies have shown that this may not be sufficient for prevention of symptoms of choline deficiency such as fatty liver or muscle damage.* The risk of choline deficiency is higher in men, postmenopausal women, vegans or vegetarians, and individuals with genetic polymorphisms related to folate or choline metabolism. Choline, provided by PC, is a precursor for the synthesis of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter centrally in the brain, and necessary peripherally for muscle control and other aspects of cholinergic signalling. PC also is a normal constituent of bile and facilitates fat emulsification, absorption, and transport. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a vital component of the cellular membranes of plant and animal cells, necessary for membrane integrity, structure, and function.
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